Project 3 Terms
Core Knowledge:
Islam
· Five Pillars: Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet hood of Muhammad; Establishment of the daily prayers (5 a day); Concern for and almsgiving to the needy; Self-purification through fasting; and The pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able.
· Sunnis: believe the caliph (successor) position should be elected and believe in the 4 caliphs; Abu Bakr, Ali, Uman, and Uthmann.
· Shiites: one of two tribes of the Muslim people that are the minority to the Shiites who believe the successors to Mohammed were descendents of Fatima and Ali, and the descendents are called imams. There are 12 imams.
· Sufis: dispose of the literal words of Muhammad for a spiritual interpretation. Believe that only Allah exists. All visible things are really distinct from Him. There is no real difference between good and evil.
· Mohammed: "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam and the founder of Mohammedanism, was born at Mecca
· Hijra: Muhammad journey from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era.
· Kaaba: a black cube-shaped building in Mecca, the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine, included is the black stone believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham.
· Quran: The holy book of Islam, believed to be the exact words of the Prophet Mohammed recorded when he spoke the word of god.
· Hajj: the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime. The fifth of the 5 pillars.
· Jihad: a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims. A believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as well as possible The struggle to build a good Muslim society, Holy war: the struggle to defend Islam, with force if necessary
· Shiria: Sharia law comes from a combination of sources including the Qur'an, the sayings of the prophet and the rulings of Islamic scholars. In a society where social problems are common, Sharia frees civilization to realise its individual potential. news stories about politics, crime, feminism,
terrorism and civilisation.
· Caliph: Leader, also successor to Mohammed. Sunnis believe there were 4 caliphs.
· Abu Bakr: Best friend of Mohammed, joined him in his Hijra and was the first Caliph of the Muslim people. He unifies.
· Umar: the second caliph of Islam (634--44). During his time in power Islamic armies conquered Syria and Mesopotamia. He spreads the empire.
· Uthman: Third Caliph of Islam, died 656 ad , and established an authoritative version of the Koran
- Ali:
a.d.
c600–661, Third Arab caliph (cousin and son-in-law of
Muhammad). - Mongols sack Baghdad:
1258, entailed the investment, capture, and sacking of Baghdad, the capital
of the Abbasid Caliphate, by Ilkhanate Mongol forces and allied
troops. - Mecca: pilgrimage site for all
Muslims. first called Medina - Medina: Original Mecca, old
Arab quarter of a North African city. - Jerusalem: a city in and the
capital of Israel: an ancient holy city and a center of pilgrimage for Jews,
Christians, and Muslims; divided between Israel and Jordan 1948–67;
Jordanian sector annexed by Israel 1967; capital of Israel since
1950 - Dome
of the Rock:
Islamic mosque in Jerusalem, at the site from which Muhammad ascended
through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the
Jewish Temple. - Umma: the Islamic
community - Umayyad
Empire:
Named Damascus as capitol and was the result of many civil wars.
5th caliphate. - Abbasid
Empire:
Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after
overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate - Battle
of Karabala:
between a small group of supporters and relatives of Muhammad's grandson
Hussein ibn Ali, and a much larger military detachment from the forces of
Yazid I, the Umayyad caliph, whom Hussein had refused to recognise. Hussein
and all his supporters were killed - Abraham: the first
of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder
of the ancient hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab
peoples through his son
Ishmael - Jesus: the
supreme example of God's nature expressed through human
beings. - Moses: the hebrew prophet who led
the Israelites out of Egypt and delivered the Law during their years of
wandering in the wilderness. - S-L-M: "whole, safe, intact".
"Peace be upon you"